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New research reveals need for clearer, more accessible complaints systems for healthcare professional regulators

04 Sep 2025

Research published today by the Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care (PSA) reveals that people trying to make complaints about healthcare to a professional regulator can experience many barriers. Barriers to complaints uncovers the experiences of people who want to complain about their care but struggle to do so because of poor communication, limited support and other significant barriers.

Whilst some individuals had good experiences, many complainants who took part in the research felt discouraged and disappointed by the process, highlighting the urgent need for improvements in accessibility, transparency, communication and public awareness.

The research findings indicate that:

  • Complaints are primarily motivated by a desire to protect future patients and service users.
  • Complaining to a regulator is often seen as a last resort, pursued only after other avenues have been exhausted.
  • The complaints process is perceived as difficult and discouraging, with some feeling it reflects a lack of interest from regulators.
  • Communication from regulators can be poor, leaving complainants uncertain about what action, if any, is being taken.
  • Healthcare professionals face social barriers to complaining, such as workplace culture and fear of repercussions. Service users face individual barriers, including lack of awareness of regulators and uncertainty about whether their concern is serious enough.
  • Many complainants report feeling disappointed by the complaints process, particularly due to lack of follow-up or information.

The report makes several recommendations for improvement including:

  • Raising awareness of regulators’ roles and independence.
  • Setting expectations for what kinds of complaints can be investigated and explaining the process.
  • Improved communication with complainants.
  • Better accessibility of complaints processes and more support for those making a complaint.
  • Signposting people to the right organisation to raise a complaint.
  • Working with employers to shift the narrative and reframe complaints as a mechanism for improving patient safety rather than blame.

We will use these findings to help inform the changes we are making to the PSA’s Standards for the regulators and Accredited Registers we oversee, due to be published early next year. We will also use them to inform our broader work to improve regulation and registration.

Melanie Venables, Director of Policy and Communications at the PSA said:

“This research addresses a key evidence gap and confirms that more needs to be done to support members of the public and professionals to report concerns to the regulators. Without this, we may be missing opportunities for learning and for the prevention of harm. We will use what we’ve heard through this research to develop our new Standards for the regulators and Accredited Registers we
oversee.”

Read the full report here.

ENDS

Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care Contact: media@professionalstandards.org.uk

Notes to the editor

  1. Barriers and enablers to making a complaint to a health or social care professional regulator is a qualitative study which explores the views and experiences of both members of the public and healthcare professionals. The sample includes those who have, and have not, made a complaint.
  2. The research forms part of our wider work to review our Standards for regulators and Accredited Registers and improve the accessibility and effectiveness of complaints processes.
  3. The Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care (PSA) is the UK’s oversight body for the regulation of people working in health and social care. Our statutory remit, independence and expertise underpin our commitment to the safety of patients and service-users, and to the protection of the public. There are 10 organisations that regulate health professionals in the UK and social workers in England by law. We audit their performance and review their decisions on practitioners’ fitness to practise. We also accredit and set standards for organisations holding registers of health and care practitioners not regulated by law. We collaborate with all of these organisations to improve standards. We share good practice, knowledge and our right-touch regulation expertise.
  4. We also conduct and promote research on regulation. We monitor policy developments in the UK and internationally, providing guidance to governments and stakeholders. Through our UK and international consultancy, we share our expertise and broaden our regulatory insights.
  5. Our values are – integrity, transparency, respect, fairness and teamwork – and we strive to ensure that they are at the core of our work.
Find out more about our work and the approach we take